Published figures vary twofold over the same period. The cause lies almost entirely in the question asked.
The review
Understanding work, your own included
The employment rate of older workers has risen sharply in France over twenty years. It coexists with a difficulty in returning to work that has not moved.
A 1963 theory holds that pay is only judged relative to that of others. Sixty years of work have specified which others.
France wrote it into the labour code in 2016. The text creates an obligation to negotiate rather than a directly applicable rule.
The published number comes from claims recognised by the insurance scheme. What is not reported appears nowhere, and that share is estimated by other means.
Changing occupation may be a promotion, a fallback or a constraint. Available statistics separate those three cases poorly.
Several countries have legislated, and a few natural situations have allowed measurement. The effects run in several directions at once.
Continuous measurement of activity has spread far beyond warehouses. The law frames these systems through old principles applied to new tools.
The indicator is a ratio between output and a volume of hours. Each of its two terms poses difficulties that commentary ignores.
Three different figures circulate for France, and all are accurate. They measure nested gaps whose decomposition is the real subject.
Herzberg argued that satisfaction and dissatisfaction have distinct causes. The criticism concerns the method that produced that result.
Studying medical errors, a researcher found that the best teams reported more of them. The explanation founded an entire field.
France publishes an unemployment rate and a number of registrants that do not coincide. That is not a contradiction, they are two definitions.
Comparing a qualification with a job, a job with one's parents' or a job with one's expectations does not measure the same thing nor the same people.
The figure is everywhere in management training. It appears in none of his writings, and the theory it illustrates has never been validated.